The surface now governed ornamentation, some of which was designed to give an impression of pure functionality. After initially having employed historicist forms, the period around 1900 saw Wagner begin producing designs that were increasingly stark and sober. His most important buildings are the AnkerHaus in the Graben (1 st district, 1895), his two villas (19 th district, 18), the buildings on LinkeWienzeile (6 th district, 1898/99), the Postsparkasse building (1 st district, 1906) and the Kirche am Steinhof (14 th district, 1907). Wagner was also the central architect of Vienna's Jugendstil or Art Nouveau period. The Ringstraße architects' most famous student was Otto Wagner (1841-1918). The most important architects working along the Ringstraße were Gottfried Semper, Theophil Hansen, Carl von Hasenauer, August Sicard von Sicardsburg and Eduard van der Nüll. The historicist construction undertaken included styles such as neo-Gothic (City Hall, the Votivkirche), neo-Renaissance (Court Opera, University), neo-Baroque (the Burgtheater) and even Greek Revival (Parliament). In terms of stylistic history, most of these buildings can be characterised as neoclassicist. Along this magnificent circular route, important architects put up major representational buildings including the Austrian Parliament, Vienna City Hall and the so-called "New Castle" addition to the Hofburg Palace, as well as museums, the Burgtheater, numerous palaces and even a church.
Under Emperor Franz Josef I (who reigned from 1848 to 1916), the period beginning roughly in 1860 saw the construction of a new boulevard which encircled the inner city like a ring - hence the name Ringstraße, or Ring Road. Following demolition of most of the old city wall and its bastions, the area where these fortifications had once stood became the most significant construction site of that era. The city of Vienna spent the second half of the 19 th century in the midst of urban renewal.
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